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Chromatography of gases

It chromatography of gases it is a technique where the sample is in gas phase or volatilises once injected. The sample is transported to a chromatographic column through a carrying gas (mobile phase). It is a technique of great importance since I allow sorting out, detectingquantifying mixtures of a great amount of compounds through the time of retention and the area of the pikes.

The chromatography of gases with detector of flame ionisation (GC-FID) allow sorting out, detectingquantifying mixtures of products volatile or semivolatile. The detector FID is selective for molecules with links C-H in its chemical structure. As practically all the substances that are analysed by gases are organic, the detector FID is almost universal.

The chromatography of gases with detector of thermal conductivity (GC-TCD) allow  sorting out, to detectquantifying mixtures of  inorganic gases and small molecules of hydrocarbons.

Job request

In order to carry out one analyses, put in touch with the responsible for the UEA.

In the case of the samples that are wanted to analyse through the detector FID, all the components of the mixture have to be volatile at the temperature of the injector (300ºC, approx.), except that the sample wants to analyse using the technique of space in head.

In the case of the samples that are wanted to analyse through the detector TCD, it be necessary that they are in gas phase to room temperature.

It be necessary to inform of the toxicity and precautions of storage of the sample. Once the report has been given, if people do not come to search the remainder of the sample after a week, this will be destroyed.

The equipment

Chromatograph of gases of Agilent 7890th

Year:
2013
Characteristics:

Equipped with two types of detector: a FID and a TCD.

The team has a selfsampler for the injection of liquid samples of 50 positions.

The injection of gas samples is made in a manual way, using a tight gas syringe.

Chromatograph of gases of Agilent 7820th

Characteristics:

Equipped with two types of detector: a FID and a TCD.

The team has a selfsampler for the injection of liquid samples of 16 positions.

The injection of gas samples is made in a manual way, using a tight gas syringe.


How does it work?

The chromatography of gases is a technique where the sample, once injected, volatilises and is transported to a chromatographic column through a carrying gas (mobile phase). The carrying gas is an inert gas that does not react with the molecules of the anàlit, but only transports it through the column.

The chromatographic column is filled with a stationary phase, which gave the anàlits of interest of the sample. The choice of the suitable stationary phase for each type of anàlits is an essential factor in the chromatography of gases.

Due to the selective retention of the anàlits to the stationary phase of the column, these come out of the column separately. At the exit of the column, these pass through a detector that gives an answer in the form of signal, and allow its quantification.

Applications / Practical cases

The FID it is a very versatile detector.

En el cas del cromatògraf 7890A, la columna instal·lada és la DB-FFAP d’Agilent J&W (30m x 0,32mm, 0.50 µm), que permet la detecció d’àcids grassos volàtils i alcohols en mostres líquides.

In particular, the analysed compounds are:

  • Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, isopropanol and hexanol.
  • Valèric and acid acid butíric isobutíric, acid propiònic, acid acetic, acid acid, acid isovalèric, hexanoic.

The volume of sample necessary for the analysis is 2 mL of sample filtered in 0.2 µm. 

In the case of the chromatograph 7820th, two capillary columns are had for determination of different compounds:

  • Column HP-5 d'Agilent(25m x 0,2mm, 0.33 µm): non polar, generalista column with an extensive rank of applications.
  • GS-Alumina of Agilent (30m x 0,53mm): polar, A column for the analysis of light hydrocarbons (C1 in C8), the hydrocarbons saturated and insaturats of C1 in C4 included.

The TCD he uses itself for the analysis of gas samples. The analysis is made with double column packed (PPU and MS5A) and allow the detection of permanent gases in gas samples.

In particular:

  • Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

The volume of sample necessary for the analysis is 5 mL.

 

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