1. Introduction
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Some Characteristics of Fluids
1.3. Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, and Units
1.4. Analysis of Fluid Behavior
1.5. Measures of Fluid Mass and Weight
1.6. Ideal Gas Law
1.7. Viscosity
1.8. Compressibility of Fluids
1.9. Vapor Pressure
1.10. Surface Tension
1.11. A Brief Look Back in History
2. Fluid Statics
2.1. Pressure at a Point
2.2. Basic Equation for Pressure Field
2.3. Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest
2.4. Standard Atmosphere
2.5. Measurement of Pressure
2.6. Manometry
2.7. Mechanical and Electronic Pressure Measuring Devices
2.8. Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface
2.9. Pressure Prism 68
2.10. Hydrostatic Force on a Curved Surface
2.11. Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stability
2.12. Pressure Variation in a Fluid with Rigid-Body Motion
3. Elementary Fluid Dynamics-The Bernouilli Equation
3.1. Newton’s Second Law
3.2. F=ma Along a Streamline
3.3. F=ma Normal to a Streamline
3.4. Physical Interpretation
3.5. Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure
3.6. Examples of Use of the Bernoulli Equation
3.7. The Energy Line and the Hydraulic Grade Line
3.8. Restrictions on Use of the Bernoulli Equation
4. Fluid Kinematics
4.1. The Velocity Field
4.2. The Acceleration Field
4.3. Control Volume and System Representations
4.4. The Reynolds Transport Theorem
5. Finite Control Volume Analysis
5.1. Conservation of Mass—The Continuity Equation
5.2. Newton’s Second Law—The Linear Momentum and Moment-of-Momentum Equations
5.3. First Law of Thermodynamics—The Energy Equation
5.4. First Law of Thermodynamics—The Energy Equation
5.5. Second Law of Thermodynamics Irreversible Flow
6. Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow
6.1. Fluid Element Kinematics
6.2. Conservation of Mass
6.3. Conservation of Linear Momentum
6.4. Inviscid Flow
6.5. Some Basic, Plane Potential Flows
6.6. Superposition of Basic, Plane Potential Flows
6.7. Other Aspects of Potential Flow Analysis
6.8. Viscous Flow
6.9. Some Simple Solutions for Viscous, Incompressible Fluids
6.10. Other Aspects of Differential Analysis
7. Similitude, Dimensional Analysis, and Modeling
7.1. Dimensional Analysis
7.2. Buckingham Pi Theorem
7.3. Determination of Pi Terms
7.4. Some Additional Comments About Dimensional Analysis
7.5. Determination of Pi Terms by Inspection
7.6. Common Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics
7.7. Correlation of Experimental Data
7.8. Modeling and Similitude
7.9. Some Typical Model Studies
7.10. Similitude Based on Governing
8. Viscous Flow in Pipes
8.1. General Characteristics of Pipe Flow
8.2. Fully Developed Laminar Flow
8.3. Fully Developed Turbulent Flow
8.4. Dimensional Analysis of Pipe Flow
8.5. Pipe Flow Examples
8.6. Pipe Flowrate Measurement
9. Flow Over Immersed Bodies
9.1. General External Flow Characteristics
9.2. Boundary Layer Characteristics
9.3. Drag
9.4. Lift
10. Open-Channel Flow
10.1. General Characteristics of Open-Channel Flow
10.2. Surface Waves
10.3. Energy Considerations
10.4. Uniform Depth Channel Flow
10.5. Gradually Varied Flow
10.6. Rapidly Varied Flow