Leonard Nigrini, predoctoral researcher and member of the Comparative Minds research group, delivered an oral presentation on the interrelations between cortical and subcortical processes in classical conditioning in mammals at the XXII Biennial Meeting of the International Society for Comparative Psychology, held from 3–5 December in Bogotá, Colombia. He presented recent experimental findings supporting P. Anokhin’s hypothesis that phylogenetically ancient mechanisms of classical conditioning along the collateral pathway are functionally conserved within cortically mediated learning systems that predominate mammalian learning.