El departament de Dret d'una universitat espanyola lidera un consorci que busca millorar la recol·lecció de dades i mecanismes de processament als controls a la frontera de la UE.
One of the priorities of the EU today is to find ways to better enhance border and migration management and internal security. A great part of the information collected at the EU borders remains in national databases or, in the best-case scenario, it is introduced in one of the existing EU information systems (e.g. Eurodac, VIS…). The data collected is only used for identification purposes, and ultimately determines whether a migrant is in a regular or irregular situation, according to the EU laws.
If migrants are regular, they are given a residence permit in the country of entry, or in the case of asylum seekers, they may be relocated in another Member State, as long as they request so and it is legally possible. Yet, no further check of the actual integration possibilities in that host country is conducted. Similarly, if migrants are identified as irregular, they are automatically returned to the countries where they come from, with no further supervision of their fate or labour opportunities in those countries of origin.
Regarding regular migrants, it has been found that successful integration into their host society is essential to maximise the opportunities afforded by legal migration. In order to achieve that, many factors have to be taken into account. For instance, the professional background and language skills of migrants are important for their integration, and so are the age, ethnic background, and the labour conditions of the host country.
As for irregular migrants, many international organisations and NGOs have been working on projects that seek to enhance the integration and labour opportunities for returned migrants into their countries of origin. This is possible by studying the profile of those migrants and identifying the right locations where returned migrants could be able to integrate and find a job. In order to do that, many criteria should be taken into account: age, ethnic and professional background of the individual, labour conditions, demography, existing aid projects in the territory, etc.